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NK cell subsets in autoimmune diseases.

Cai Zhang1, Zhigang Tian2

  • 1Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.

Journal of Autoimmunity
|March 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Natural killer (NK) cells, crucial innate immune lymphocytes, can both harm and heal in autoimmune diseases. Their dual roles stem from diverse subsets and tissue environments, influencing disease progression.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseNK cell subsetsNatural killer cellsTissue-resident NK cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system.
  • NK cells exhibit cytotoxicity and regulatory functions via cytokine and chemokine secretion.
  • NK cell overactivation or dysfunction is implicated in disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on NK cell subsets, focusing on tissue-resident NK cells.
  • To explore the features, functions, and roles of different NK cell subsets in autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on NK cell subsets.
  • Analysis of NK cell features, functions, and interactions within various tissue microenvironments.
  • Examination of NK cell roles across different stages of autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • NK cells act as a "two-edged weapon" in autoimmune diseases, displaying both regulatory and inducer activities.
  • The opposing effects of NK cells are linked to distinct subsets, tissue microenvironments, and disease stages.
  • Tissue-resident NK cells and their interactions with local microenvironments significantly shape NK cell properties and functions.

Conclusions:

  • The complex and often contradictory roles of NK cells in autoimmune diseases are influenced by cellular heterogeneity and tissue context.
  • Understanding different NK cell subsets, particularly tissue-resident populations, is key to elucidating their precise involvement in autoimmune pathogenesis.
  • Further research into the mechanisms underlying NK cell plasticity in various microenvironments is crucial for developing targeted therapies for autoimmune conditions.