Cardiovascular disease in women with HIV-1 infection

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in women, often underdiagnosed in those without apparent risk factors.
• Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, antiretroviral therapy, and traditional risk factors significantly elevate CVD risk in women.
• An aging female population with HIV presents unique challenges for cardiovascular health management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of CVD in HIV-negative and HIV-positive women.
• To enhance understanding and guide the development of tailored clinical interventions and guidelines for this high-risk demographic.
• To address the growing burden of cardiovascular complications in aging women living with HIV.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of epidemiological data, clinical studies, and etiological research on CVD in women.
• Analysis of risk factors, including traditional, HIV-specific, and treatment-related factors.
• Evaluation of current diagnostic approaches and primary/secondary prevention strategies.

Main Results:

• HIV-positive women face a disproportionately higher risk of CVD compared to HIV-negative counterparts.
• Antiretroviral drugs and chronic inflammation associated with HIV contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis.
• Early detection and management of traditional CVD risk factors are crucial, alongside HIV-specific considerations.

Conclusions:

• Integrated strategies are essential for managing CVD in women, particularly those with HIV.
• Further research is needed to refine prevention and treatment guidelines for aging women with HIV.
• Promoting awareness and specialized care can mitigate the cardiovascular burden in this population.