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Related Experiment Videos

Herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff function.

A D Kwong1, J A Kruper, N Frenkel

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.

Journal of Virology
|March 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 mutants lacking the virion host shutoff (vhs) function are defective in degrading host mRNA. This vhs function is crucial for viral mRNA stability and host protein synthesis inhibition during infection.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) virions possess functions that inhibit host protein synthesis and degrade host mRNA.
  • HSV type 1 (HSV-1) mutants lacking the virion host shutoff (vhs) function are impaired in host mRNA degradation.
  • Viral mRNAs exhibit longer functional half-lives in cells infected with vhs mutants compared to wild-type virus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the genetic locus responsible for the virion host shutoff (vhs) function in HSV-1.
  • To determine if the vhs function is responsible for the decreased half-life of viral mRNAs.
  • To investigate the relationship between the vhs function and cellular transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of HSV-1 mutants deficient in virion host shutoff (vhs).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Mapping of the vhs1 mutation to a specific DNA fragment (NruI-XmaIII) within the HSV-1 genome.
  • Analysis of mRNA half-lives (host and viral) in cells infected with wild-type and mutant HSV-1.

    • Main Results:

    • The vhs1 mutation was mapped to a 265-base-pair NruI-XmaIII fragment (coordinates 0.604-0.606) of the HSV-1 genome.
    • Mutations within this fragment affected both host protein synthesis shutoff and the degradation rates of host and viral mRNAs (alpha, beta, gamma).
    • The vhs1 mutation region overlaps with HSV-2 DNA sequences previously shown to induce cell transformation.

    Conclusions:

    • The virion host shutoff (vhs) function is likely responsible for both inhibiting host protein synthesis and decreasing the half-life of viral mRNA.
    • A shorter mRNA half-life may facilitate rapid viral gene expression modulation.
    • The vhs function's potential role in cell transformation warrants further investigation.