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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Dying cells actively regulate adaptive immune responses.

Nader Yatim1, Sean Cullen2, Matthew L Albert1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunobiology, 25 Rue du Dr Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|March 14, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dying cells initiate CD8+ T cell immunity by providing antigens and signals. Inducible damage-associated molecular patterns (iDAMPs) from cell death actively regulate adaptive immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Dying cells are crucial for initiating CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity.
  • Cross-presentation of antigens from dying cells by dendritic cells is vital for immune responses against tissue-restricted or tumor-restricted antigens.
  • This pathway is implicated in autoimmune diseases and the priming of anti-tumor T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the passive and active signals generated by dying cells that initiate CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity.
  • To highlight the role of different cell death pathways in influencing antigen transfer and immune responses.
  • To propose inducible damage-associated molecular patterns (iDAMPs) as key upstream regulators of adaptive immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on cell death, antigen cross-presentation, and T cell immunity.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in cell death and their impact on immune signaling.
  • Synthesis of data on passive and active signals from dying cells.

Main Results:

  • Dying cells provide not only antigens but also inflammatory and immunogenic signals essential for CD8+ T cell cross-priming.
  • Diverse molecular pathways of cell death differentially affect antigen transfer and the subsequent immune response.
  • Inducible damage-associated molecular patterns (iDAMPs) are identified as critical upstream cues regulating adaptive immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Cell death is a complex process that actively shapes adaptive immunity.
  • Understanding the signals from dying cells, particularly iDAMPs, is key to modulating immune responses.
  • This knowledge has implications for autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.