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Related Experiment Video

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Hyaluronan synthesis by developing cortical neurons in vitro.

Tania M Fowke1, Rashika N Karunasinghe1, Ji-Zhong Bai1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.

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|March 14, 2017
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Summary

Neurons can synthesize hyaluronan (HA) independently throughout development. This study shows HA expression in neurons, independent of perineuronal nets, suggesting roles in neural development.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hyaluronan (HA) is crucial for perineuronal nets in the cerebral cortex.
  • The capacity of neurons for independent HA synthesis remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthase (HAS) expression during cortical neuron development in vitro.
  • To determine if neurons synthesize HA independently of glial cells.

Main Methods:

  • Primary cortical neuron cultures from E16 rats were used.
  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunocytochemistry were performed at multiple developmental time points (DIV 0-21).
  • Analysis was conducted in cultures with a relative absence of glial cells.

Main Results:

  • Neurons expressed HAS1-3 mRNA throughout development in vitro.
  • HAS2-3 protein and HA were detected on neuronal cell bodies, neurites, and growth cones early in development.
  • HA localization expanded to dendrites, axons, and synapses as neurons matured.
  • Over 90% of neurons expressed HA by DIV21, independent of perineuronal net marker expression.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical neurons possess the intrinsic ability to synthesize hyaluronan throughout all developmental stages in vitro.
  • Neuronal HA synthesis is not restricted to cells forming perineuronal nets.
  • The findings suggest novel roles for HA in neuronal development and function.