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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Ramakrishnan B Kumar1, Lin Zhu2, Hans Hebert3

  • 1Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|March 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method using nanodiscs to detect membrane-binding proteins. Protein binding prevents nanodisc stacking, enabling structural analysis and functional studies of membrane proteins.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Monotopic proteins require membrane attachment for function.
  • Nanodiscs offer controlled membrane environments for studying protein-membrane interactions.
  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a key technique for visualizing molecular structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a TEM-based protocol for detecting membrane-binding proteins using nanodiscs.
  • To enable structural and functional characterization of protein-nanodisc complexes.
  • To provide a basis for higher-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing sodium phosphotungstate-stained nanodiscs that stack in the absence of proteins.
  • Observing the prevention of nanodisc stacking as an indicator of protein binding.
  • Applying standard single-particle analysis to TEM images of protein-nanodisc complexes.
  • Demonstrating the method with Ca2+-induced binding of 5-lipoxygenase.

Main Results:

  • Successfully established a TEM protocol to identify membrane-binding proteins.
  • Demonstrated that nanodisc stacking is inhibited by extrinsic protein binding.
  • Obtained low-resolution structures of protein-nanodisc complexes suitable for further cryoEM work.
  • Showcased the versatility of nanodiscs for TEM and gel electrophoresis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed TEM protocol provides a reliable method for detecting and studying membrane-binding proteins.
  • Nanodiscs serve as valuable tools for structural and functional investigations of membrane protein interactions.
  • This method facilitates the preparation of samples for advanced structural biology techniques.