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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The Default Mode Network (DMN) is crucial for self-referential thought and is often dysregulated in psychiatric disorders.
  • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, suggesting altered neural network function.
  • Understanding DMN activity patterns in OCD during emotional processing is key to elucidating its neurobiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the deactivation patterns of the DMN in individuals with OCD compared to healthy controls (HC).
  • To examine how emotional stimuli (pleasant and unpleasant images) influence DMN activity during the transition from rest to a non-rest state.
  • To identify specific brain regions within the DMN and the whole brain that show differential activation in OCD versus HC.

Main Methods:

  • Functional neuroimaging (fMRI) was employed to measure brain activity.
  • Twenty-seven participants (15 with OCD, 12 HC) underwent a task involving resting and emotional (pleasant/unpleasant images) conditions.
  • DMN activation was analyzed by contrasting resting states with non-resting emotional states.

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls demonstrated significant deactivation in anterior DMN nodes (medial frontal, superior frontal) during the pleasant stimuli condition compared to OCD patients.
  • Whole-brain analysis revealed that HC, relative to OCD patients, exhibited widespread DMN deactivation across regions including the superior frontal gyrus, insula, temporal lobes, putamen, lingual gyrus, cuneus, and cerebellum.
  • OCD patients showed difficulties in deactivating the DMN, especially when presented with emotionally evocative stimuli, particularly those with pleasant content.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with OCD experience challenges in modulating DMN activity in response to emotional challenges.
  • The findings suggest a neurobiological basis for emotional dysregulation in OCD related to DMN function.
  • Targeting DMN deactivation may offer a potential therapeutic avenue for OCD treatment.