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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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Regulating miRNA-21 Biogenesis By Bifunctional Small Molecules.

Hao Yan1, Umesh Bhattarai1, Zhi-Fo Guo1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , 300 Terrace Street NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
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Researchers developed bifunctional molecules to regulate microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. By linking a pre-miRNA binder to a Dicer inhibitor, they created a molecule that successfully inhibited miR-21 production.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis is implicated in various diseases.
  • Targeting miRNA biogenesis offers a therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel strategy for regulating miRNA biogenesis.
  • To design bifunctional small molecules for targeted miRNA inhibition.
  • To investigate the inhibition of miR-21 production.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescence polarization-based screening to identify miRNA-binding ligands.
  • Synthesized bifunctional conjugates by linking a pre-miRNA binding unit to a Dicer inhibiting unit.
  • Assessed the effect of the conjugate on miRNA maturation and production.

Main Results:

  • Identified neomycin as a specific ligand for pre-miR-21.
  • Developed a bifunctional conjugate (7A) by linking neomycin to an RNase inhibitor.
  • Demonstrated that conjugate 7A effectively inhibits the production of mature miR-21.

Conclusions:

  • A novel bifunctional molecule strategy can effectively regulate miRNA biogenesis.
  • This approach provides a framework for designing new miRNA-targeting therapeutics.
  • The strategy holds potential for broader applications in miRNA regulation.