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Coffee and cancer risk: a summary overview
Gianfranco Alicandro1, Alessandra Tavani, Carlo La Vecchia
1aDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan bDepartment of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri', Milan, Italy.
Summary
Coffee consumption does not increase overall cancer risk. However, drinking coffee may reduce the risk of liver and endometrial cancers, with some evidence suggesting benefits for other cancer types.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Oncology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Coffee is a widely consumed beverage with various bioactive compounds.
- Previous research on coffee consumption and cancer risk has yielded mixed results.
- Understanding the relationship between coffee intake and cancer is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize available evidence on the association between coffee consumption and the risk of all cancers and specific cancer types.
- To provide an updated analysis of the literature up to May 2016.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive review of existing scientific literature was conducted.
- Meta-analyses were performed on relevant studies to calculate pooled relative risks (RR) and confidence intervals (CI).
- Evidence from cohort and case-control studies was analyzed.
Main Results:
- Coffee consumption showed no association with overall cancer risk (RR: 1.00).
- A reduced risk was observed for liver cancer (RR: 0.85 per cup/day) and endometrial cancer (RR: 0.92 per cup/day).
- Evidence for other cancers like oral/pharyngeal, advanced prostate, colorectal, and bladder cancer was mixed or inconclusive, with some suggesting potential benefits and others indicating no clear association or confounding factors.
Conclusions:
- Coffee consumption is not linked to an increased risk of overall cancer.
- Coffee intake appears to be associated with a reduced risk of liver and endometrial cancers.
- The relationship between coffee and other cancer types requires further investigation due to inconsistent findings and limited data.
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