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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
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Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: June 28, 2018

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Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens isolated from ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU

Richa Gupta1, Abida Malik1, Meher Rizvi1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
|March 15, 2017
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antibiotic resistance in intensive care units (ICUs) is a major concern. This study found a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) patients.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant threat in intensive care units (ICUs).
  • Understanding the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of these pathogens is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of various pathogens in ICU patients.
  • To characterize the drug resistance profiles of isolated pathogens.
  • To assess the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamases, and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs).

Main Methods:

  • Collection of tracheal aspirates from 87 ICU patients over a 21-month period.
  • Identification of bacterial and fungal isolates using standard microbiological techniques.
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines; phenotypic and genotypic detection of ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases, and phenotypic detection of MBLs.

Main Results:

  • A total of 77 isolates were cultured, with Gram-negative bacteria constituting 88.3%.
  • A high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed: 72.1% of Gram-negative and 100% of Gram-positive isolates were MDR.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as the predominant pathogen in VAP cases.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights an alarming increase in antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative organisms in the ICU setting.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a key pathogen in VAP, exhibiting significant resistance.
  • Continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in ICUs is essential for guiding VAP treatment strategies.
Keywords:
Bacterial pathogensICU patientsMultidrug-resistantVAP

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