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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

13.0K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

Overview of the Cardiovascular System

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The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
The heart is the central pump of the cardiovascular system that circulates blood throughout the body. It comprises two atria receiving the blood and two ventricles pumping blood out of the heart. Their rhythmic contractions, called heartbeats, ensure that blood flow remains continuous.
Blood Vessels
Blood...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
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Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

Anatomy of the Circulatory System

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The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
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Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
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The Heart and Great Vessels.

Ekene Onwuka1,2, Nakesha King1,2, Eric Heuer1

  • 1Tissue Engineering and Surgical Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|March 15, 2017
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Summary

Engineered tissue offers promising solutions for cardiovascular diseases, the leading global cause of death. Research focuses on developing replacement tissues for great vessels, myocardium, and heart valves, addressing current limitations and future directions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a significant global health burden and leading cause of mortality.
  • Current management strategies for CVD have advanced, yet definitive therapeutic options remain limited.
  • There is a critical need for innovative approaches to address the growing prevalence of CVD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of engineered tissue development for cardiovascular applications.
  • To examine current methodologies, challenges, and future prospects in creating engineered great vessels, myocardium, and heart valves.
  • To highlight advancements in regenerative medicine for cardiovascular repair and replacement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research in tissue engineering for cardiovascular structures.
  • Analysis of fabrication techniques for engineered cardiovascular tissues.
  • Evaluation of preclinical and clinical studies on engineered heart components.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in engineering vascular grafts, cardiac muscle patches, and heart valves.
  • Key challenges include vascularization, functional integration, and long-term durability of engineered tissues.
  • Various biomaterials and cell sources are being explored to overcome current limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue engineering holds substantial potential for treating cardiovascular diseases by replacing or repairing damaged tissues.
  • Continued research is essential to address the limitations in vascularization, innervation, and immune response for clinical translation.
  • Future studies should focus on optimizing scaffold design, cell sourcing, and bioreactor conditions for enhanced tissue function and integration.