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Viral Infections and Obesity.

Jameson D Voss1, Nikhil V Dhurandhar2

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Viral infections, termed infectobesity, contribute to obesity by altering metabolic function. Further research is needed to understand and address this growing global health challenge.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Obesity is a global epidemic despite efforts to address energy balance.
  • Proximate causes of obesity include excess energy intake and reduced energy expenditure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for viral agents contributing to obesity (infectobesity).
  • To identify knowledge gaps and motivate future research in infectobesity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on viral agents and obesity.
  • Categorization of viruses implicated in obesity: adenoviridae, herpesviridae, phages, TSEs, encephalitides, and hepatitides.

Main Results:

  • Several microbial agents, including viruses, can induce obesity in experimental models (infectobesity).
  • These agents can alter human cell metabolism and are associated with human obesity and metabolic dysfunction.
  • Evidence suggests a role for viral agents in the genesis of obesity across five broad categories.

Conclusions:

  • Despite evidence, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding the role of viruses in obesity.
  • Future infectobesity research should be comprehensive, leveraged, interventional, and patient-centered to address this global health issue.