Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

3.8K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales across the UK: a nationwide study of carbapenemase testing and novel antimicrobial activity.

International journal of antimicrobial agents·2026
Same author

Host and antibiotic jointly select for greater virulence in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.

eLife·2026
Same author

Conservative Oxygen for Unresponsive Patients after Cardiac Arrest.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

Incidence and Predictors of Perioperative Cardiac Events in Emergency Abdominal Surgeries: A Retrospective Study.

Cureus·2026
Same author

MRGPRX2 antagonist treatment prevents inflammation and disease in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis.

The Journal of investigative dermatology·2026
Same author

Lymph Node Dissection and Radiation in the Rat Popliteal Region Leads to Progressive Lymphatic Pump Failure and Lymphedema.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Therapeutic potential of crude protein extracts from two Egyptian freshwater snails Lanistes carinatus and Bellamya unicolor.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Microbial contamination of donor corneas and post-keratoplasty endophthalmitis: a comparison between Japanese and U.S. eye banks using cold storage.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Prevalence and contributing factors of virological non-suppression among adult patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in tertiary hospitals in Ethiopia.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

An in vitro comparison of color stability between alkasite and different restorative materials in various staining solutions.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Toward accessible mRNA LNP formulation: systematic evaluation of mixing strategies and key parameters.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

A network analysis of personality traits, mentalizing, and psychological health in Chinese college students.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
06:58

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.3K

TLR-exosomes exhibit distinct kinetics and effector function.

Swetha Srinivasan1,2, Michelle Su1, Shashidhar Ravishankar1

  • 1School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Scientific Reports
|March 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes from Toll-like receptor (TLR)-stimulated cells can activate distant cells, with RNA being crucial for this immune signaling. These exosomes promote M1-like macrophage polarization in vivo, highlighting their role in innate immunity communication.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mechanisms of MicroRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Progression
07:29

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mechanisms of MicroRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Progression

Published on: October 6, 2023

2.1K
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Exosomes in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Septic Lung Injury
08:27

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Exosomes in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Septic Lung Injury

Published on: May 21, 2018

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
06:58

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.3K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mechanisms of MicroRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Progression
07:29

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mechanisms of MicroRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Progression

Published on: October 6, 2023

2.1K
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Exosomes in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Septic Lung Injury
08:27

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Exosomes in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Septic Lung Injury

Published on: May 21, 2018

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The innate immune system provides rapid defense against pathogens.
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key mediators of the innate immune response.
  • The role of exosomes in the dissemination of TLR responses remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of exosomes in mediating Toll-like receptor (TLR) responses.
  • To determine the contribution of exosomal RNA to TLR signaling.
  • To examine the in vivo effects of exosomes from TLR-stimulated cells on immune cells.

Main Methods:

  • Stimulation of cells with TLR agonists (poly(I:C)).
  • Isolation and characterization of exosomes.
  • In vitro recapitulation of TLR activation in recipient cells.
  • UV irradiation to assess the role of RNA.
  • In vivo studies in murine lymph nodes to assess macrophage polarization and immune cell recruitment.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes from TLR-stimulated cells can activate distal cells in vitro, mimicking TLR activation.
  • UV irradiation abrogates exosome-mediated signaling, indicating RNA's critical role.
  • Exosomes from poly(I:C)-stimulated cells induce M1-like macrophage polarization in vivo.
  • These exosomes show enhanced lymph node trafficking and preferential neutrophil recruitment.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes are key mediators in communicating TLR activation states between cells.
  • Exosomal RNA is essential for the effector function of these immune-modulating vesicles.
  • TLR-stimulated exosomes play a significant role in orchestrating innate immune responses in vivo, including macrophage polarization and immune cell recruitment.