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The intrinsic polarity of cells can be primarily attributed to two factors- i) the asymmetric accumulation of mobile components such are regulatory molecules and subcellular components across the cell and ii) the orientation of polar cytoskeletal filaments that make up the cytoskeletal networks, specifically microfilaments, and microtubules arranged along the axis of polarity. Interactions between the cytoskeletal filaments are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the polar nature...
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Planar cell polarity in development and disease.

Mitchell T Butler1, John B Wallingford1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, Patterson Labs, 2401 Speedway, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|March 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Planar cell polarity (PCP) establishes cell orientation in tissues using global cues and protein dynamics. Disruptions in PCP signaling are linked to severe developmental defects and human pathologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Planar cell polarity (PCP) is crucial for organizing cells within tissue planes.
  • Global cues like gene expression gradients, WNT ligands, and tissue strain drive PCP.
  • PCP protein dynamics, including self-assembly and trafficking, are key to tissue patterning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying tissue-wide planar cell polarity establishment.
  • To understand how global cues and protein dynamics regulate cell polarization.
  • To explore the link between PCP defects and human pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression gradients and WNT ligand signaling.
  • Investigating PCP protein dynamics, endocytosis, and trafficking.
  • Studying the impact of anisotropic tissue strain on polarity.

Main Results:

  • Global cues orchestrate the subcellular localization of PCP proteins.
  • Protein complex formation and trafficking dynamics regulate planar tissue patterning.
  • PCP establishes a polarity axis essential for morphogenetic events.

Conclusions:

  • Proper planar cell polarity is vital for organ development and function.
  • Defects in PCP signaling contribute to severe birth defects and other human pathologies.
  • Understanding PCP mechanisms is critical for regenerative medicine and disease research.