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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion01:05

Mechanism of Ciliary Motion

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The ciliary structures were first seen in 1647 by Antonie Leeuwenhoek while observing the protozoans. In lower organisms, these appendages are responsible for cell movement, while in higher organisms, these appendages help in the movement of the extracellular fluids within the body cavities.
The cilia are made up of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement, with nine microtubule doublet ring bundles, surrounding a pair of central singlet microtubule bundles. The doublet microtubule bundles are...
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Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

Microtubules in Cell Motility

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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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The conserved ancestral signaling pathway from cilium to nucleus.

Journal of cell science·2019
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Chirality of the cytoskeleton in the origins of cellular asymmetry.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2016
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CLEM Methods for Studying Primary Cilia.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2016
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A Structural Basis for How Motile Cilia Beat.

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Onward from the cradle.

Molecular biology of the cell·2014
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Evolutionary implications of localization of the signaling scaffold protein parafusin to both cilia and the nucleus.

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SF-Assemblin genes in <i>Paramecium</i>: phylogeny and phenotypes of RNAi silencing on the ciliary-striated rootlets and surface organization.

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New software for automated cilia detection in cells (ACDC).

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Cellular ciliary phenotyping indicates pathogenicity of novel variants in <i>IFT140</i> and confirms a Mainzer-Saldino syndrome diagnosis.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo
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Observation of the Ciliary Movement of Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells Ex Vivo

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CILIA: before and after.

Peter Satir1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA.

Cilia
|March 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Research on cilia shifted focus from motile to primary cilia after discovering intraflagellar transport (IFT) and its link to polycystic kidney disease (PKD). This led to major advances in understanding cilia's role in cell signaling and development.

Keywords:
AutophagyCiliary motilityCiliogenesisCiliopathiesIntraflagellar transport (IFT)NucleoporinPrimary ciliaTransition zone

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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy &#8211; Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

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Simple Detection of Primary Cilia by Immunofluorescence
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cilia research historically prioritized motile cilia structure and function.
  • Primary cilia roles were less understood before the 21st century.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of cilia research.
  • To highlight the impact of intraflagellar transport (IFT) discovery.
  • To connect primary cilia function to polycystic kidney disease (PKD).

Main Methods:

  • Historical literature review.
  • Analysis of research trends before and after IFT discovery.
  • Integration of findings from genomics, proteomics, and imaging.

Main Results:

  • IFT discovery revolutionized primary cilia research.
  • Primary cilia research has expanded significantly, revealing roles in cell signaling and development.
  • Cilia are recognized as key cellular compartments integrated with other organelles.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of IFT and its link to PKD transformed cilia research.
  • Primary cilia are crucial for cellular processes and development.
  • Modern techniques unify cilia research, emphasizing their role as integrated organelles.