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When Yawning Occurs in Elephants.

Zoë T Rossman1, Benjamin L Hart2, Brian J Greco3

  • 1Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|March 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elephants yawn, with this behavior particularly noted in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) upon waking from sleep. This study confirms yawning in both African and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

Keywords:
Elephas maximusLoxodonta africanacontagious yawningelephant sleepingelephantsyawning

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Area of Science:

  • Ethology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Mammalogy

Background:

  • Yawning is a common mammalian behavior, yet undocumented in elephants.
  • Previous observations lacked systematic study of elephant yawning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and analyze yawning behavior in African elephants (Loxodonta africana).
  • To confirm the occurrence of yawning in both African and Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

Main Methods:

  • Video recording of captive African elephants using infrared illumination over several months.
  • Observations included daytime and nighttime activities, with a focus on sleep-arousal cycles.
  • Analysis of video recordings from 39 zoological facilities to assess yawning generality.

Main Results:

  • Yawning was frequently observed in African elephants upon arousal from recumbent sleep, especially after the final nighttime rest.
  • Yawning was rare during daytime or when elephants were standing.
  • Contagious yawning was observed in six instances.
  • Yawning was confirmed in both African and Asian elephants across various zoological settings.

Conclusions:

  • Yawning is a confirmed behavior in both African and Asian elephants.
  • In African elephants, yawning is strongly associated with arousal from sleep.
  • Further research into the function and triggers of elephant yawning is warranted.