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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...

Perception of Sound Waves

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...

Auditory Perception

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...

Techniques of therapeutic communication I: Active Listening, Sharing Observations, Validation, and Using Touch

Techniques of therapeutic communication I: Active Listening, Sharing Observations, Validation, and Using Touch

The history of therapeutic communication can be traced back to Florence Nightingale, who emphasized the importance of developing trusting relationships with patients. She taught that the presence of nurses with patients results in therapeutic healing.
Therapeutic communication is not the same as social interaction. Social interaction has no goal or purpose and consists of casual information sharing, whereas therapeutic communication has a plan or purpose for the conversation. Therapeutic...

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Techniques of Therapeutic Communication II: Focusing, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Focusing involves centering a conversation on a message's critical elements or concepts. Focusing is valuable if the talk is vague or patients begin to repeat themselves. Sometimes, when patients are asked about their symptoms, they may go off-topic and try to tell their entire life story. Respectfully, the nurse should bring the conversation back into focus.
This therapeutic technique can also be used when a patient brings up pertinent information during a health-related conversation. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

Listening with text.

Andrew Altorfer¹, Blake McKinney¹

¹CirrusMD, Denver, CO, USA.

|March 16, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Asynchronous, text-based patient-physician communication effectively guides patients to appropriate care. This initial health system touchpoint shows promising results in utilization, engagement, compliance, response times, and cost savings.

Keywords:

Digital health mHealth mobile health telehealth telemedicine value-based care virtual care

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Area of Science:

Health Informatics
Patient Engagement
Healthcare Delivery

Background:

Asynchronous, text-based patient-physician encounters serve as an initial point of contact within healthcare systems.
Experienced physicians can effectively triage patient needs and determine subsequent care steps.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of asynchronous, text-based patient-physician encounters as a first touchpoint.
To assess patient outcomes across key performance indicators.

Main Methods:

Utilizing asynchronous, text-based communication for initial patient-physician interactions.
Collecting data from patients in Colorado and Texas.

Main Results:

Preliminary results indicate positive trends in patient utilization and re-engagement.
Improvements observed in compliance rates and response times.
Demonstrated potential for overall cost savings within the healthcare system.

Conclusions:

Asynchronous, text-based encounters are a viable and effective strategy for initial patient engagement.
This approach streamlines patient pathways and optimizes resource allocation.
Further data collection will continue to validate these findings across diverse patient populations.