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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urticaria With a Focus on Chronic Urticaria in Children
Seung Jin Lee1, Eun Kyo Ha1, Hye Mi Jee1
1Department of Pediatrics, Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Insights
A study found 1.8% of Korean children have chronic urticaria. Risk factors for chronic continuous urticaria include moving to a new residence and high family income.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dermatology
- Allergy and Immunology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Urticaria is a common skin condition in children.
- Data on pediatric urticaria prevalence and risk factors in Korea is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of acute and chronic urticaria in Korean children.
- To identify risk factors associated with pediatric urticaria.
Main Methods:
- A population-based study of 4,076 Korean children (ages 4-13) from the 2015 Seongnam Atopy Project.
- Parental questionnaires assessed urticaria characteristics; blood tests measured vitamin D, eosinophils, and IgE; skin prick tests were performed.
Main Results:
- Prevalence: lifetime 22.5%, acute 13.9%, chronic 1.8% (continuous 0.7%, recurrent 1.1%).
- Acute urticaria linked to allergies and parental allergy history (P<0.001).
- Chronic continuous urticaria associated with new residence (aOR=2.38) and high family income (aOR=4.24).
Conclusions:
- 1.8% of Korean children experience chronic urticaria.
- Environmental and socioeconomic factors, not traditional allergy markers, are linked to chronic continuous urticaria in this pediatric population.
Purpose:
Limited data is available on the prevalence and risk factors of acute and chronic urticaria in children. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors of acute and chronic urticaria in Korean children.
Methods:
This population-based study examined 4,076 children (age 4 to 13 years) who were enrolled in the 2015 prospective Seongnam Atopy Project (SAP 2015) in Korea. The parents completed an urticaria questionnaire that included questions regarding the duration, severity, and triggering factors of urticaria. Blood sampling (n=464) was performed to measure vitamin D, total eosinophil count (TEC), and total IgE levels, and skin prick tests (n=503) were done.
Results:
The prevalences of the life-time, acute, and chronic urticaria were 22.5%, 13.9%, and 1.8% (chronic continuous urticaria, 0.7%; and chronic recurrent urticaria, 1.1%), respectively. Acute urticaria was significantly associated with allergic diseases and parental history of allergy (P<0.001), but chronic urticaria was not associated with these clinical factors. There was no significant difference in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D level between subjects with chronic urticaria and controls (P=0.124). Chronic continuous urticaria was associated with living in a new residence (aOR=2.38, 95% CI=1.02-5.54, P=0.044) and belonging to a family with a high income (aOR=4.24, 95% CI=1.24-14.56, P=0.022).
Conclusions:
A total of 1.8% of children were found to have chronic urticaria. Living in a new residence and belonging to a family with a high income increased the risk of chronic continuous urticaria.
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