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Immunosuppression and murine polyomavirus infection.

M J Rubino1, D Walker

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison.

Virus Research
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Murine polyomavirus (MPYV) infection in mice, a model for human polyomaviruses, showed varied effects of immunosuppression. Methotrexate prevented brain infection, while other drugs prolonged kidney infections.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Murine polyomavirus (MPYV) infection in mice serves as a model for human BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) infections.
  • MPYV infection is typically acute and inapparent, with the virus becoming latent and potentially reactivated later.
  • Understanding the impact of immunosuppression on MPYV reactivation is crucial for modeling human polyomavirus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of prolonged immunosuppression on murine polyomavirus (MPYV) activity in the brain and kidney during acute infection.
  • To compare the efficacy of different immunosuppressive agents (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, prednisone/azathioprine) in controlling MPYV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were inoculated with murine polyomavirus (MPYV) and treated with immunosuppressive drugs: methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or prednisone and azathioprine.

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  • Virus activity in the brain and kidney was monitored during acute infection.
  • One group of mice received prednisone/azathioprine treatment one week prior to MPYV inoculation.

    • Main Results:

    • Prednisone/azathioprine and cyclophosphamide treatments resulted in protracted kidney infections.
    • Methotrexate treatment had no significant effect on kidney infection.
    • Methotrexate prevented MPYV from appearing in the brain, while prednisone/azathioprine and cyclophosphamide had minor effects on brain virus titers.
    • Pre-inoculation immunosuppression with prednisone/azathioprine led to higher kidney titers and delayed brain infection.

    Conclusions:

    • Different immunosuppressive agents have distinct effects on MPYV distribution and viral load in the brain and kidney.
    • Methotrexate demonstrates a specific inhibitory effect on MPYV neuroinvasion.
    • The timing and type of immunosuppression significantly influence the course of MPYV infection, highlighting the complexity of managing viral reactivation in immunocompromised states.