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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis01:22

Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis

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The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...
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Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

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Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain involves a series of protein complexes on the inner mitochondrial membrane that undergo a series of redox reactions. At the end of this chain, the electrons...
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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Dynamics of a single-atom electron pump.

J van der Heijden1, G C Tettamanzi1, S Rogge1

  • 1School of Physics and Australian Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.

Scientific Reports
|March 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-atom electron pumps demonstrate robust charge capturing by utilizing an isolated ground state. This atomic approach enhances pumping accuracy compared to quantum dot pumps, showing resilience to atomic position variations.

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Contribution of the Na+/K+ Pump to Rhythmic Bursting, Explored with Modeling and Dynamic Clamp Analyses
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum electronics
  • Atomic physics
  • Solid-state devices

Background:

  • Single-electron pumps are crucial for precise charge control.
  • Gate-defined quantum dot pumps face limitations due to time-dependent potentials and excited states.
  • Atomic impurity-based pumps offer a novel approach to electron pumping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior and performance of a single-parameter atomic electron pump.
  • To analyze the electron loading, isolation, and unloading process on a phosphorous atom.
  • To evaluate the impact of atomic position on pumping robustness.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental demonstration of a single-atom electron pump using a phosphorous atom in a silicon double gate transistor.
  • Characterization of electron transfer through loading excited states and subsequent relaxation to an isolated ground state.
  • Systematic investigation of pumping performance as a function of dopant position.

Main Results:

  • The atomic pump utilizes a highly isolated ground state, populated via excited states and fast relaxation.
  • This mechanism significantly enhances pumping accuracy, avoiding issues seen in quantum dot pumps.
  • Pumping performance remains robust despite variations in the atom's position within the device.

Conclusions:

  • Single-atom pumps offer superior accuracy and robustness compared to traditional quantum dot pumps.
  • The isolated ground state and fast relaxation are key to the high performance of atomic pumps.
  • Atomic pumps present a promising platform for future nanoscale electronic devices.