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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

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Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

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UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
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Cyclic spectra for wavelength-routed optical networks.

Bill Corcoran, Zihan Geng, Valery Rozental

    Optics Letters
    |March 16, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    We propose using redundant signal spectral components in dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems to improve tolerance to frequency misalignment. This method enhances system reliability in optical communication networks.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Photonics
    • Telecommunications Engineering

    Background:

    • Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) systems face challenges with frequency misalignment and channel shaping.
    • Guard bands in DWDM systems are typically underutilized spectral regions.
    • Add/drop multiplexing can introduce signal impairments in DWDM systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To enhance the tolerance of closely spaced DWDM systems to frequency misalignment and channel shaping.
    • To investigate the effectiveness of utilizing guard bands for improved system performance.
    • To mitigate impairments caused by add/drop multiplexing in DWDM networks.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed occupying guard bands with redundant signal spectral components.

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  • Employed cyclic repetition of the modulated signal spectrum.
  • Tested the approach in DWDM systems with 5%-20% guard bands on a 50 GHz grid using a commercial wavelength selective switch.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated improved tolerance to frequency misalignment.
    • Showcased enhanced resilience to channel shaping effects from multiplexing elements.
    • Achieved better performance in the presence of add/drop multiplexing impairments.

    Conclusions:

    • Occupying guard bands with redundant spectral components is an effective strategy for DWDM systems.
    • The proposed method significantly increases tolerance to common optical network impairments.
    • This technique offers a practical solution for enhancing the reliability of DWDM systems.