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Related Concept Videos

Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

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Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
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Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
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Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood

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Endothelial Progenitors: A Consensus Statement on Nomenclature.

Reinhold J Medina1, Chad L Barber2, Florence Sabatier3

  • 1Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.

Stem Cells Translational Medicine
|March 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Precise terminology for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is needed due to ambiguous nomenclature. This review advocates for standardized definitions based on cell phenotype and function for accurate research and potential cell therapies.

Keywords:
AngiogenesisCellular therapyEndothelial cellProgenitor cells

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Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
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Related Experiment Videos

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Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
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Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Vascular biology
  • Cellular therapeutics

Background:

  • Current nomenclature for endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is ambiguous, leading to a lack of concordance in the stem cell field.
  • Numerous distinct cell subtypes are inaccurately grouped under the general term "EPCs."

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discourage the indiscriminate use of the term "EPCs."
  • To propose precise terminology for cell types based on defined cellular phenotype and function.
  • To establish standards for confirming an endothelial progenitor phenotype, including immunophenotyping and potency assays.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and scientific evidence.
  • Analysis of distinct cell types previously categorized as EPCs, such as endothelial colony-forming cells and myeloid angiogenic cells.
  • Discussion of mechanisms of action in vascular repair.

Main Results:

  • Identified endothelial colony-forming cells and myeloid angiogenic cells as distinct cell types with different mechanisms for promoting vascular repair.
  • Highlighted the need for clear separation from non-endothelial progenitor cells, like hematopoietic angiogenic cells.
  • Emphasized that scientific nomenclature should evolve with technological and conceptual advancements.

Conclusions:

  • Advocates for precise terminology to replace the ambiguous "EPC" designation.
  • Stresses the importance of defining cell phenotype and function for accurate research and therapeutic development.
  • Underscores the need for standardized criteria to identify true endothelial progenitors for advancing cell therapy.