[The fourth horseman: The yellow fever]

Area of Science:

• * Public Health
• * Epidemiology
• * Vector-Borne Diseases

Background:

• * Emergence of Dengue virus 3, Chikungunya, and Zika in Mexico.
• * Identified cases and outbreaks of yellow fever in the Americas.
• * Potential threat of yellow fever expansion into new territories.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To present theoretical assumptions on yellow fever behavior in the Americas.
• * To reflect on the current state of epidemiological surveillance for vector-borne diseases in Mexico.
• * To emphasize the need for national preparedness against potential disease introduction.

Main Methods:

• * Analysis of factual data on yellow fever epidemiology in the Americas.
• * Review of existing epidemiological surveillance systems for vector-borne diseases.
• * Theoretical modeling based on regional disease behavior.

Main Results:

• * Yellow fever poses an expanding threat in the Americas.
• * Mexico's surveillance system is robust but requires heightened alert.
• * Understanding regional disease dynamics is key for prevention.

Conclusions:

• * Continuous monitoring and adaptation of surveillance strategies are essential.
• * Proactive measures are necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of yellow fever.
• * International collaboration and data sharing are vital for effective vector-borne disease control.