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Questionable research practices among italian research psychologists.

Franca Agnoli¹, Jelte M Wicherts², Coosje L S Veldkamp²

¹Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

|March 16, 2017

Summary

Italian psychologists, like their US counterparts, frequently admit to questionable research practices (QRPs). These practices, potentially compromising research integrity, appear to be an international issue driven by systemic publication pressures.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Research Ethics
Scientific Integrity

Background:

A prior US study revealed widespread use of questionable research practices (QRPs) among psychologists.
These practices risk contaminating the scientific literature with biased and false findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To replicate the US study in Italy to assess the generalizability of QRPs.
To compare self-admission rates and perceptions of QRPs between Italian and US researchers.

Main Methods:

An online survey was administered to members of the Italian Association of Psychology.
Original US study materials were translated into Italian for the survey.
Participants self-reported the use of ten specific QRPs and estimated prevalence.

Main Results:

Similar to US psychologists, a high percentage of Italian psychologists admitted using QRPs.
Nearly all Italian researchers (88%) reported using at least one QRP.
Italian researchers were less likely than US researchers to deem the practices defensible, despite similar admission rates.

Conclusions:

The adoption of QRPs is an international phenomenon, not limited to the US.
Systemic features within the international research and publication processes likely drive QRP adoption.
Perceived pressure from journals and reviewers contributes to the use of these practices.