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Related Concept Videos

Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

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Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
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Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

A Modified Technique for Arteriovenous Fistula Construction in Rabbits
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Is shear stress the key factor for AVF maturation?

Andrea Remuzzi1,2, Michela Bozzetto1, Paolo Brambilla3

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Ranica (BG) - Italy.

The Journal of Vascular Access
|March 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis (HD) often fail due to poor maturation. Wall shear stress (WSS) influences AVF remodeling, and disturbed blood flow may cause maturation failure.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are crucial for hemodialysis (HD) but frequently experience non-maturation or early failure.
  • Successful AVF maturation requires vascular remodeling, involving increased vessel diameter and wall thickness, influenced by endothelial cell (EC) responses to wall shear stress (WSS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of WSS in AVF maturation and clarify mechanisms underlying AVF creation outcomes.
  • To elucidate the causes of AVF non-maturation and early failure, particularly the impact of disturbed hemodynamic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on WSS, EC response, and AVF maturation.
  • Discussion of the potential role of disturbed flow patterns in AVF failure.

Main Results:

  • AVF maturation is significantly influenced by endothelial cell responses to changes in peak WSS.
  • Disturbed blood flow patterns within the AVF are strongly implicated as a key factor in maturation failure.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms linking WSS and disturbed flow to AVF maturation failure is critical for improving clinical outcomes.
  • Non-invasive longitudinal studies monitoring hemodynamic parameters and structural changes are needed to establish a causal relationship and enhance AVF creation success.