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Peptidergic Neurons in Barnacles: An Immunohistochemical Study Using Antisera Raised Against Crustacean

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    The Biological Bulletin
    |March 16, 2017
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    Balanomorph barnacles possess pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons, unlike other crustacean neuropeptides. PDH neuron anatomy appears unique, suggesting a role in somatic extension.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurobiology
    • Crustacean Physiology
    • Immunohistochemistry

    Background:

    • Neuropeptides play crucial roles in regulating physiological processes in crustaceans.
    • Previous studies identified specific neuropeptides like CHH, MIH, and RPCH in decapod crustaceans.
    • The presence and function of analogous neuropeptides in barnacles (balanomorphs) remain largely unexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and distribution of neuropeptides analogous to those in decapods within balanomorph barnacles.
    • To examine the neuroanatomical structure of immunoreactive neurons for specific neuropeptides in selected barnacle species.
    • To compare the neuroanatomy of barnacle neuropeptide systems with those of higher crustaceans.

    Main Methods:

    • Whole-mount immunohistochemistry was employed using antisera against decapod neuropeptides.
    • Three barnacle species were studied: Balanus balanus, Balanus perforatus, and Chirona (Balanus) hameri.
    • Immunoreactivity for pigment-dispersing hormone (PDH) and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) was assessed.

    Main Results:

    • No immunoreactivity was found for crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), or red-pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH).
    • PDH immunoreactivity was observed in specific neuronal populations within the ventral, thoracic, and supra-esophageal ganglia, with a prominent pair in the ventral ganglion projecting to somatic extensor muscles.
    • CCAP immunoreactivity was mainly localized to the ventral ganglion, with neurons projecting axons to the cirri.

    Conclusions:

    • Balanomorph barnacles possess PDH and CCAP immunoreactive neurons, indicating the presence of these neuropeptides.
    • The neuroanatomy of PDH-immunoreactive neurons in barnacles appears unique compared to higher crustaceans.
    • The structure of CCAP-immunoreactive neurons may represent a homologous neural architecture, suggesting a conserved neuromodulatory role, potentially in somatic extension for PDH.