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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

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Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
The equilibrium constant of the complexation reaction is represented as the formation constant...
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Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions01:29

Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions

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Nonideal liquid solutions, also known as real solutions, do not strictly follow Raoult's law. Raoult's law is a rule of thumb in physical chemistry. However, not all mixtures adhere to this law due to varying molecular interactions. For example, in an acetone/chloroform solution, the individual vapor pressures of the components are lower than expected, resulting in a total vapor pressure below that predicted by Raoult's law, causing a negative deviation.On the other hand, in an ethanol/water...
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Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

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A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
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A Single-Component System01:24

A Single-Component System

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In the field of chemistry, the terms "component" and "phase" hold significant importance. A component refers to a chemically distinct substance in a system that has specific properties. It is chemically homogeneous, meaning it has the same properties throughout. For example, in a mixture of salt and water, both salt and water are considered separate components because they have different chemical properties.On the other hand, a phase is a form of matter that has a consistent chemical...
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Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions02:15

Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions

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Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions
For gas-phase reactions, the equilibrium constant may be expressed in terms of either the molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products. A relation between these two K values may be simply derived from the ideal gas equation and the definition of molarity. According to the ideal gas equation:
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Phase coarsening in multicomponent systems.

K G Wang1, Gabriel Q Wang2

  • 1Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA.

Physical Review. E
|March 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a new theory for phase coarsening in multicomponent systems, considering thermodynamic and kinetic effects. It introduces a diffusion screening zone, leading to new insights into particle size and volume fraction relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Phase coarsening is crucial in materials science, influencing material properties.
  • Existing theories often neglect the impact of nonzero volume fraction on coarsening dynamics.
  • Multicomponent systems present unique challenges due to complex thermodynamic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive theory for phase coarsening in multicomponent systems.
  • To incorporate both multicomponent thermodynamic effects and kinetic effects from nonzero volume fraction.
  • To derive a generalized evolution equation for phase coarsening.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a theoretical framework considering multicomponent thermodynamics and kinetics.
  • Introduced a novel diffusion screening zone concept for coarsening particles.
  • Utilized the maximum rate of dissipation principle under mass and energy conservation constraints.

Main Results:

  • Derived a rigorous evolution equation for phase coarsening in multicomponent systems.
  • Recovered and generalized existing theoretical relations.
  • Discovered new relationships between maximum particle size, volume fraction, and particle size distribution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory provides a more accurate description of phase coarsening in multicomponent systems.
  • The inclusion of a diffusion screening zone is critical for understanding coarsening at nonzero volume fractions.
  • The findings offer valuable insights for controlling microstructure evolution and material properties.