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Apolipoprotein E: the resilience gene.

Lisa M James1,2,3,4, Brian E Engdahl5,6,7,8, Apostolos P Georgopoulos5,6,9,7,10

  • 1Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center (11B), Minneapolis VAHCS, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA. lmjames@umn.edu.

Experimental Brain Research
|March 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene influences trauma resilience. Higher cysteine residues in apoE correlate with increased resilience to trauma, suggesting a protective role.

Keywords:
ApoEResilienceTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene variants, particularly apoE4 and apoE2, are linked to Alzheimer's and coronary artery disease.
  • The role of apoE in trauma resilience remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between apoE genotype and resilience to trauma in US veterans.
  • To determine if apoE influences the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms relative to trauma exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of the apoE gene in 343 US veterans.
  • Assessment of lifetime trauma exposure (trauma score, T) and PTSD symptom severity (PCL).
  • Calculation of trauma resilience (R) as the inverse of PCL/T, and analysis of apoE's relation to R and cysteine residue count (CysR/mole).

Main Results:

  • Veterans with apoE genotypes containing the E2 allele showed significantly higher resilience compared to those with E4 alleles.
  • A positive association was found between resilience and the number of cysteine residues per apoE molecule (CysR/mole).
  • Resilience increased systematically with higher CysR/mole, from E4/4 (zero cysteine residues) to E2/2 (four cysteine residues).

Conclusions:

  • The apoE gene, specifically the number of cysteine residues, plays a protective role in trauma resilience.
  • Higher CysR/mole in apoE is associated with greater resilience, suggesting a broad influence of apoE across various conditions, including adaptive responses to trauma.
  • These findings may relate to apoE's effects on brain synchronicity and variability.