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Related Concept Videos

Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Retroviral Infection of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Embryoid Body Cells for Analysis of Hematopoietic Differentiation
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Runx1 Structure and Function in Blood Cell Development.

Constanze Bonifer1, Elena Levantini2,3, Valerie Kouskoff4

  • 1Institute for Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. C.Bonifer@bham.ac.uk.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RUNX1, a key transcription factor, regulates blood cell development by interacting with other proteins to modify chromatin. Aberrant RUNX1 activity can lead to hematopoietic malignancies.

Keywords:
Blood cell developmentChromatin structureIsoformsLeukaemiaRUNX1Regulation of RUNX1 activityTranscriptional networks

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Investigation of the Transcriptional Role of a RUNX1 Intronic Silencer by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Hematopoiesis

Background:

  • RUNX transcription factors are essential regulators conserved across metazoans.
  • RUNX1 is a crucial member of this family, particularly in mammalian blood cell development.
  • Understanding RUNX1's function is key to deciphering blood formation and related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of RUNX1 in the transcriptional control of mammalian blood cell development.
  • To summarize RUNX1's mechanisms as both an activator and repressor within chromatin.
  • To explore RUNX1's involvement in epigenetic and 3D genome organization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on RUNX1.
  • Analysis of studies detailing RUNX1 interactions with transcription factors and co-factors.
  • Examination of data on RUNX1's impact on chromatin and nuclear organization.

Main Results:

  • RUNX1 functions as a dual-action regulator (activator/repressor) requiring co-factor interactions.
  • RUNX1 actively reshapes the epigenetic landscape and 3D genome structure.
  • Aberrant RUNX1 activity is linked to deregulated blood cell development and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • RUNX1 is a pivotal regulator of hematopoiesis with complex roles in gene expression.
  • RUNX1's interaction network and epigenetic influence are critical for normal blood cell development.
  • Dysregulation of RUNX1 is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies.