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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

All-Electrical Graphene DNA Sensor Array.

Jeffrey Abbott¹, Donhee Ham¹, Guangyu Xu²

¹School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|March 17, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel graphene-based electrical biosensor array for DNA detection. The sensor achieves high sensitivity (100 fM) and enables site-specific probe immobilization, paving the way for all-electrical multiplexed DNA analysis.

Keywords:

Bioelectronics Biomolecule sensing DNA detection DNA sensor array Electrophoresis Graphene

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Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules

Published on: June 1, 2011

Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Biosensing
Materials Science

Background:

Electrical biosensing offers label-free, chip-scale detection.
Nanomaterials like graphene provide high sensitivity for biomolecular sensing.
Graphene's 2D structure is compatible with industrial fabrication for large-scale sensor arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development of DNA sensor arrays using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene.
To demonstrate the dual role of graphene sites as electrodes for DNA immobilization and as field-effect transistor (FET) sensors for hybridization detection.
To advance the creation of all-electrical multiplexed DNA arrays.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of DNA sensor arrays using CVD graphene.
Utilizing individual graphene sites as electrophoretic electrodes for probe DNA immobilization.
Employing graphene field-effect transistor (FET) sensors for detecting target DNA hybridization.

Main Results:

Demonstrated dual functionality of graphene sites for both probe immobilization and sensing.
Achieved a detection sensitivity of 100 femtomolar (fM) in 7 out of 8 graphene FET sensors.
Successfully created a graphene-based DNA sensor array.

Conclusions:

Graphene FET sensors offer a promising platform for sensitive, label-free electrical biosensing.
The dual-use capability of graphene sites simplifies array fabrication and enhances functionality.
This work represents a significant step towards developing all-electrical multiplexed DNA detection systems.