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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Genome editing: Bioethics shows the way.

Carolyn P Neuhaus1, Arthur L Caplan1

  • 1Division of Medical Ethics, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America.

Plos Biology
|March 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Bioethics supports scientific advancement by integrating societal values and diverse perspectives. It provides frameworks for informed discussions, crucial for progress in areas like genome editing.

Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Biomedical Research
  • Societal Impact of Science

Background:

  • Scientists sometimes view bioethics negatively, perceiving it as a hindrance to research.
  • Bioethics is essential for navigating the societal implications of scientific advancements.
  • Engaging diverse perspectives is key to responsible scientific progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reframe bioethics as a facilitator of scientific progress.
  • To highlight the role of bioethics in addressing ethical concerns in cutting-edge research.
  • To emphasize the importance of inclusive discussions in biomedical research.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the role of bioethics in science.
  • Examination of bioethics as a framework for societal engagement.

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  • Literature review on ethical considerations in biomedical research domains.

    • Main Results:

    • Bioethics enables science by fostering acknowledgment of societal context.
    • Bioethicists provide a structure for dialogue, integrating diverse values.
    • This engagement spurs progress, rather than impeding it.

    Conclusions:

    • Bioethics is crucial for advancing high-impact biomedical research, such as genome editing.
    • Effective bioethics requires acknowledging and engaging with societal perspectives.
    • Inclusive dialogue facilitated by bioethics is vital for responsible innovation.