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Pressure injury prediction using diffusely scattered light.

David Diaz1, Alec Lafontant1, Michael Neidrauer1

  • 1Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|March 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows diffuse optical methods can predict pressure injuries (PIs) by measuring blood flow changes in at-risk skin. Early detection of these non-healing wounds is possible.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Devices
  • Wound Care Technology

Background:

  • Pressure injuries (PIs) are serious complications, often developing from prolonged pressure on soft tissues.
  • Early detection of PIs is crucial for effective prevention and treatment.
  • Current methods for PI detection may lack sensitivity for early-stage changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) and diffuse near-infrared spectroscopy (DNIRS) for early prediction of pressure injuries.
  • To measure dermal and subcutaneous red cell motion and optical properties in individuals at risk for PIs.
  • To differentiate between individuals who develop open PIs (POs) and those who do not (PNOs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized custom optical probes for continuous DCS and DNIRS data acquisition from sacrococrugeal tissue.
  • Measured optical properties and red cell motion in 11 spinal cord injury patients and 20 healthy volunteers.
  • Applied and released pressure to simulate conditions leading to PIs in supine and lateral positions.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in temporal correlation functions were observed between POs and PNOs during baseline and pressure application (p < 0.01).
  • The optical method demonstrated potential in distinguishing individuals who developed PIs from those who did not.
  • Measurements were taken up to four times over two weeks for rehabilitation patients.

Conclusions:

  • Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DCS and DNIRS) shows promise for the early prediction of pressure injury development.
  • This non-invasive optical technique may aid in identifying individuals at high risk for ulcer progression.
  • Further research can refine this method for clinical application in pressure injury prevention.