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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

4.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

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In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
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Epigenetic Regulation: A New Frontier for Biomedical Engineers.

Zhen Chen1,2, Shuai Li2, Shankar Subramaniam3

  • 1Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91016;

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
|March 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics, encompassing DNA methylation and histone modifications, governs gene expression and cell fate. Understanding epigenetic regulation is vital for health, disease, and bioengineering applications in medicine.

Keywords:
DNA methylationchromatin remodelinggene regulationhistone modificationlong noncoding RNAsystems biology

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Bioengineering and Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Gene expression in mammalian cells is controlled by chromatin's epigenetic status, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs.
  • These epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for cell development, cell cycle, cell fate, and responses in health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide biomedical engineers with an overview of epigenetics principles and methods.
  • To highlight recent findings in epigenetic regulation related to health and disease, focusing on the cardiovascular system.
  • To discuss computational and sequencing tools for epigenetics analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetic mechanisms and their regulation.
  • Synthesis of recent research findings in epigenetics, particularly within the cardiovascular context.
  • Exploration of computational and sequencing technologies for epigenetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modulations are fundamental to understanding gene regulation at multiple biological levels.
  • Recent findings demonstrate the significant role of epigenetics in various health and disease states.
  • Advanced computational and sequencing tools are essential for in-depth epigenetics analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The review emphasizes the critical role of epigenetics in gene regulation and its implications for health and disease.
  • It highlights the potential of bioengineering to advance epigenetic research.
  • It underscores the importance of utilizing epigenetics to translate bioengineering discoveries into clinical medicine.