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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus SLE in C57BL/6 Mice
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Systemic lupus erythematosus: an update.

Vera Golder1, Alberta Hoi2

  • 1Monash University, Melbourne, VIC alberta.hoi@monash.edu.

The Medical Journal of Australia
|March 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

New classification criteria improve diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic autoimmune disease. Early disease control with current therapies is crucial to prevent organ damage and premature death.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem autoimmune disease primarily affecting women of childbearing age.
  • Uncontrolled SLE activity can lead to irreversible end-organ damage and increased mortality.
  • Current treatment strategies aim for early and sustained control of disease activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of new classification criteria on SLE diagnosis.
  • To discuss the current landscape of SLE treatment, including conventional and biological therapies.
  • To emphasize the evolving "treat-to-target" approach in SLE management and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in SLE classification criteria.

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  • Analysis of current therapeutic options for SLE, including immunosuppressants and belimumab.
  • Discussion of emerging "treat-to-target" strategies and response criteria in clinical trials.

    • Main Results:

    • New SLE classification criteria enhance diagnostic certainty, particularly for patients with undifferentiated symptoms.
    • Conventional immunosuppressant therapy remains a cornerstone for achieving disease control.
    • Belimumab is the sole targeted therapy approved by the Therapeutic Goods Administration for SLE.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing current SLE therapies and improving patient care quality are essential.
    • The "treat-to-target" approach is transforming clinical practice and trial design.
    • Further research is needed to develop novel therapies and refine management strategies for SLE.