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Protein Tyrosine Nitration: Role in Aging.

Bulbul Chakravarti1, Deb N Chakravarti2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, Jamaica, NY 11451. United States.

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Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) cause tyrosine nitration, a process linked to aging. This review explores RNS, protein damage, and their role in age-related functional decline, aiming to prevent these effects.

Keywords:
Protein modificationaerobic metabolismagingnitrosative stressoxidative stresstyrosine nitration

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging is a complex process with poorly understood molecular underpinnings.
  • Oxidative stress, including Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS), is implicated in aging.
  • Protein damage by RNS, particularly tyrosine nitration, is less studied than ROS damage but linked to aging and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biochemical mechanisms of tyrosine nitration.
  • To summarize detection methodologies for nitrated proteins.
  • To explore the functional consequences of RNS-induced protein modifications and their role in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review and evaluation of published studies on RNS and age-related functional alterations.
  • Analysis of biochemical pathways and post-translational modifications.

Main Results:

  • Tyrosine nitration covalently modifies various proteins.
  • These modifications impact biological functions in organs like skeletal muscle, heart, brain, and liver during aging.

Conclusions:

  • Tyrosine nitrated proteins are associated with age-related functional decline in key tissues.
  • Understanding these modifications can guide research into preventing RNS-induced detrimental effects on protein function during aging.