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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection
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A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

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Influenza.

Catharine Paules1, Kanta Subbarao1

  • 1Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Influenza, a viral respiratory illness, presents varied symptoms and can cause seasonal epidemics or pandemics. New prevention and treatment strategies are crucial for managing influenza threats.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza A, B, and C viruses.
  • It occurs in local outbreaks or seasonal epidemics, with clinical presentation varying widely.
  • Influenza A viruses pose pandemic threats when novel strains emerge from animal hosts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the clinical presentation, transmission, diagnosis, management, and prevention of seasonal influenza.
  • To review the animal-human interface of influenza.
  • To highlight current pandemic threats and the need for new approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on influenza.
  • Discussion of clinical aspects, including presentation and diagnosis.

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  • Analysis of transmission dynamics and prevention strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Seasonal influenza epidemics and sporadic infections are common.
    • Novel influenza A strains can lead to global pandemics.
    • Understanding the animal-human interface is key to pandemic preparedness.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of seasonal influenza and pandemic threats requires updated prevention and treatment strategies.
    • Continued research into influenza virology and transmission is essential.
    • Addressing the animal-human interface is critical for mitigating future pandemics.