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Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities and Congenital Heart Disease: Insights Into Altered Brain Maturation

Paul D Morton1, Nobuyuki Ishibashi2, Richard A Jonas2

  • 1From the Center for Neuroscience Research and Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.

Circulation Research
|March 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart disease (CHD) increases the risk of lifelong neurological deficits. Understanding antenatal and preoperative factors affecting brain development is crucial for improving outcomes in children with CHD.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Congenital heart disease (CHD) is linked to lifelong neurological deficits.
  • Underlying causes of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in CHD are not fully understood.
  • Focus is shifting from surgical injury to antenatal/preoperative factors impacting brain maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key developmental time windows of brain vulnerability in CHD.
  • To emphasize cellular events affected by CHD impacting cognitive and motor function.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CHD and neurological outcomes.
  • Analysis of critical developmental periods and cellular mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of current understanding and future perspectives.

Main Results:

  • The immature brain is vulnerable during specific developmental stages in CHD.
  • CHD adversely impacts cellular units and networks essential for cognitive and motor skills.
  • Significant gaps exist in understanding the precise mechanisms of neurological deficits.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for addressing neurological deficits in CHD.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate cellular and network-level impacts.
  • Early identification and intervention strategies are critical for improving outcomes.

Keywords:
brainmodels, animalneuroimagingrisk factors

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