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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

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iElectrodes: A Comprehensive Open-Source Toolbox for Depth and Subdural Grid Electrode Localization.

Alejandro O Blenkmann1, Holly N Phillips2, Juan P Princich3

  • 1FRONT Neurolab, Department of Psychology, University of OsloOslo, Norway; Estudios de Neurociencias y Sistemas Complejos, CONICET- El Cruce Hospital - Universidad Nacional Arturo JauretcheBuenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Cellular Biology and Neuroscience "Prof E. De Robertis," School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires - CONICETBuenos Aires, Argentina; Epilepsy Section, Division of Neurology, Ramos Mejía HospitalBuenos Aires, Argentina.

Frontiers in Neuroinformatics
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

iElectrodes is an open-source toolbox for fast and accurate intracranial electrode localization. This semi-automatic method precisely maps electrode positions from MR/CT images, aiding EEG analysis.

Keywords:
CTECoGMRISEEGatlasepilepsyintracranial EEG

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate intracranial electrode localization is crucial for analyzing invasive electroencephalography (EEG) data.
  • Current localization methods are time-consuming and have limitations regarding electrode types and shapes.
  • Reliable electrode localization requires precise anatomical referencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce iElectrodes, an open-source toolbox for robust and accurate semi-automatic localization of intracranial electrodes.
  • To provide a fast and user-friendly solution for researchers and clinicians.
  • To enable automatic anatomical labeling of electrodes without requiring neuroimaging expertise.

Main Methods:

  • The iElectrodes toolbox utilizes pre- and post-implantation MR/CT images.
  • It employs a semi-automatic pipeline for localizing both subdural grid and depth electrodes.
  • A pre-processing pipeline normalizes images and automatically assigns anatomical labels.

Main Results:

  • iElectrodes localizes electrodes in 2-3 minutes per array, including automatic numbering.
  • Localization accuracy was validated to be within 0.56 mm of manual expert evaluations.
  • The method demonstrated robustness with severe cerebral distortions and worked across various electrode types and brain regions.

Conclusions:

  • iElectrodes offers a significant improvement in speed and accuracy for intracranial electrode localization.
  • The toolbox simplifies the process, making it accessible without specialized neuroimaging expertise.
  • iElectrodes enhances the reliability of EEG analysis by ensuring precise electrode placement data.