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Bidirectional interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus
P R Skolnik1, B R Kosloff, M S Hirsch
1Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|March 1, 1988
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection boosts human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Conversely, CMV coinfection enhances HIV-1 replication, demonstrating a bidirectional relationship between these viruses in vitro.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes AIDS.
- Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic infection common in AIDS patients.
- Understanding virus-virus interactions is crucial for managing coinfections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro interactions between HIV-1 and CMV.
- To determine if HIV-1 coinfection affects CMV replication.
- To assess the impact of CMV coinfection on HIV-1 replication.
Main Methods:
- Coinfection of H9 and monocyte cell lines with HIV-1 and CMV.
- Immunofluorescence assays for CMV proteins.
- Slot-blot hybridization for CMV DNA.
- Cytopathic effect assays.
- Vaccinia virus recombinants and Jurkat cells transfected with HIV-1 tat gene.
- Virus-yield assays and p24 antigen radioimmunoassay for HIV-1 replication.
Main Results:
- HIV-1 coinfection enhanced productive CMV infection.
- The HIV-1 tat protein was not the primary mediator of CMV enhancement.
- CMV coinfection significantly increased HIV-1 replication.
- These bidirectional interactions were observed in both H9 and monocyte cell lines.
Conclusions:
- HIV-1 and CMV exhibit bidirectional interactions in vitro.
- Coinfection leads to enhanced replication of both viruses.
- These findings have implications for understanding opportunistic infections in AIDS patients.