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Faradaic Ion Concentration Polarization on a Paper Fluidic Platform.

Xiang Li¹, Long Luo¹, Richard M Crooks¹

¹Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , 105 East 24th Street Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224 United States.

Analytical Chemistry

|March 18, 2017

Summary

A novel hybrid paper-based analytical device (hyPAD) uses electrochemistry for rapid analyte concentration. This low-cost device achieves significant enrichment of diverse molecules within minutes.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Microfluidics

Background:

Analyte concentration enrichment is crucial for sensitive detection.
Conventional microfluidic devices face limitations in throughput and cost.
Developing simple, low-cost, and high-throughput analytical devices is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and characterize a novel paper-based analytical device for analyte concentration enrichment.
To investigate the mechanism of faradaic ion concentration polarization for analyte focusing.
To evaluate the performance of the device for various analytes and compare it with existing technologies.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a hybrid paper-based analytical device (hyPAD) using nitrocellulose.
Utilizing faradaic electrochemistry to generate an ion depletion zone (IDZ) and electric field.

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Balancing electrophoretic and electroosmotic velocities for analyte concentration.

Testing the device with a range of analytes including small molecules, DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles.

Main Results:

The hyPAD successfully concentrates charged analytes via faradaic ion concentration polarization.
Concentration factors ranging from 200-500-fold were achieved within 5 minutes.
The device demonstrates a throughput two orders of magnitude higher than conventional microfluidic devices.
Performance is tunable by adjusting applied voltage or electrode design.

Conclusions:

The hyPAD offers a simple, low-cost, and high-throughput platform for analyte concentration.
Faradaic ion concentration polarization is an effective mechanism for concentrating diverse analytes on paper-based devices.
This technology has the potential to advance sensitive and rapid analytical measurements in various fields.