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Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Iranian native dogs.

Zeinab Amiri Ghanatsaman1,2, Adeniyi C Adeola3, Masood Asadi Fozi1

  • 1a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.

Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity in Iranian dogs reveals shared haplotypes with global populations, suggesting Iran as a potential origin for haplogroup d2. Management strategies are needed to increase effective population size.

Keywords:
IranMitochondrial DNAdogpopulation structure

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Zoology
  • Canine Research

Background:

  • Previous dog mtDNA studies showed limited geographical correlation and extensive haplotype sharing.
  • Understanding native dog population genetics is crucial for conservation and breed characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extensively survey the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity of native Iranian dogs.
  • To compare Iranian dog mtDNA diversity with European, Southwest Asian, and East Asian populations.
  • To investigate the origin of haplogroup d2 and identify potential centers of origin.

Main Methods:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing of 305 native Iranian dogs.
  • Comparison with published mtDNA data from 443 European and 195 Southwest Asian dogs.
  • Analysis of haplotype and nucleotide diversities, population differentiation (FST), and demographic expansion signals.

Main Results:

  • Twelve haplotypes from haplogroups A, B, and C were shared across Iranian, European, Southwest Asian, and East Asian dogs.
  • Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were highest in eastern and southeastern Iranian populations.
  • Iran showed the highest number of d2 haplotypes, suggesting it as a probable origin center for this haplogroup.
  • Most Iranian dog populations lacked clear population structure, but East and Southeast populations showed signs of recent demographic expansion.

Conclusions:

  • Iranian native dogs exhibit significant mtDNA diversity and share haplotypes globally, indicating historical gene flow.
  • Iran is suggested as a probable center of origin for haplogroup d2, supported by high d2 haplotype frequency.
  • Effective population size management is recommended for Iranian dog populations due to medium nucleotide diversity.