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Reduced Regional Grey Matter Volumes in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Mona F Philby1, Paul M Macey2,3, Richard A Ma2

  • 1Section of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Scientific Reports
|March 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to brain structure changes. Children with OSA show reduced grey matter volume in brain regions crucial for cognition and mood, even without cognitive deficits.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with cognitive risks.
  • Adult OSA shows MRI evidence of brain injury, and animal models indicate neuronal loss.
  • These factors suggest potential brain injury in pediatric OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess for neuronal injury, indicated by regional grey matter volume, in children with OSA.
  • To compare brain structure between pediatric OSA patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • 16 children with OSA and 200 control subjects (including 191 from NIH-Pediatric MRI database) were studied.
  • High-resolution T1-weighted whole-brain MRI images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry.
  • Statistical analysis employed ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates, applying family-wise error correction (P < 0.01).

Main Results:

  • Pediatric OSA subjects exhibited significant grey matter volume reductions in superior frontal, prefrontal, superior parietal, and lateral parietal cortices.
  • Affected areas also included the brainstem, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, and superior temporal lobe, predominantly on the left side.
  • These reductions occurred in brain regions vital for cognition and mood regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric OSA is associated with extensive, regionally specific grey matter volume reductions.
  • These structural changes may stem from delayed neuronal development, neurotoxic processes, or both.
  • The findings highlight potential underlying brain alterations in pediatric OSA, irrespective of apparent cognitive deficits.

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