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Xenopus dorsal pattern formation is lithium-sensitive.

Steven L Klein1

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 22908, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Roux'S Archives of Developmental Biology : the Official Organ of the EDBO
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium treatment in frog embryos causes abnormal development, leading to more head structures and fewer tail structures. This study clarifies how lithium directly impacts embryonic pattern formation and cell fate.

Keywords:
Anterior enhancementCell fateLithium treatmentPattern formation

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Embryology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Lithium (Li) exposure during frog embryogenesis alters pattern formation, increasing anterodorsal structures while decreasing posterior and ventral ones.
  • This involves significant cell fate changes, with ventral and posterodorsal blastomeres contributing to anterodorsal structures.
  • Previous research indicated Li-induced dorsalization of ventral mesoderm and posterior-to-anterior shifts, potentially due to altered chordamesoderm involution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if lithium directly causes the reduction in dorsal chordamesoderm involution or if it's a secondary effect of altered ventral mesoderm migration.
  • To investigate the direct impact of lithium on dorsal mesoderm induction and pattern formation.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of chimeric frog embryos by combining normal and lithium-treated halves at the start of gastrulation.
  • Analysis of developmental outcomes in chimeras with Li-treated ventral halves and normal dorsal halves.
  • Analysis of developmental outcomes in chimeras with normal ventral halves and Li-treated dorsal halves.

Main Results:

  • Chimeras with Li-treated ventral halves and normal dorsal halves developed two heads and a single trunk, confirming direct lithium-induced dorsalization of ventral mesoderm.
  • Chimeras with normal ventral halves and Li-treated dorsal halves lacked postcephalic dorsal structures.
  • These findings indicate that lithium's effect on dorsal structure formation is independent of altered ventral morphogenetic movements.

Conclusions:

  • Lithium directly induces the dorsalization of ventral mesoderm.
  • The observed lack of postcephalic dorsal structures is not dependent on altered ventral morphogenetic movements.
  • Lithium also appears to directly affect the dorsal component of mesoderm induction, altering cell fate on the dorsal side.