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Frequency-dependent host selection by parasitic mites: a model and a case study.

S Izraylevich1, O Hasson1, U Gerson1

  • 1Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Parasites exhibit frequency-dependent parasitism (FDP) not by changing host preference, but through differential survival or host rejection. In mites, differential survival was the primary driver of biased host occurrence.

Keywords:
Differential survivalFrequency-dependent parasitismHost preference SwitchingHost rejection

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Parasitology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Frequency-dependent food selection is well-studied in predators and parasitoids that switch hosts.
  • Parasites, however, often remain on a single host, necessitating alternative explanations for biased host occurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and test models explaining biased parasite occurrence on different host types.
  • To investigate the roles of host rejection and differential parasite survival in frequency-dependent parasitism (FDP).

Main Methods:

  • Developed two models: one based on host rejection and another on differential parasite survival.
  • Applied the combined model to field data of the mite Hemisarcoptes coccophagus and its armoured scale insect hosts.
  • Analyzed the relative contributions of host rejection and differential survival to biased host occurrence.

Main Results:

  • Host rejection, not differential survival, was predicted to create FDP.
  • Field data for Hemisarcoptes coccophagus showed a higher frequency on ovipositing than young host females.
  • Differential survival was the dominant factor influencing parasite occurrence, overriding host rejection effects.

Conclusions:

  • Frequency-dependent parasitism (FDP) can occur in parasites without altering foraging strategies.
  • Differential parasite survival plays a significant role in biased host occurrence, as observed in Hemisarcoptes coccophagus.
  • The study supports the existence of FDP in parasites, with survival as a key mechanism.