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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
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Antlers and parasites.

Iva Folstad1, Per Arneberg2, Andrew J Karter2

  • 1Department of Ecology/Zoology, IBG, University of Tromsø, 9037, Tromsø, Norway. ivarf@ibg.uit.no.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Parasitic infections impact reindeer antler asymmetry, not length. Antler asymmetry may signal parasite resistance in reindeer, influencing social interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Animal behavior
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Ornamental traits, crucial for species interactions, can be sensitive to environmental factors like parasitic infections.
  • Antlers in reindeer (Rangifer) are significant ornamental characters developed by both sexes and play a role in intraspecific interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of parasitic infections on the development of antler asymmetry and length in female reindeer.
  • To determine if antler asymmetry can serve as an indicator of parasite intensity and genetic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Naturally infected female reindeer were treated with antihelmintics to reduce parasite loads.
  • Antler length and asymmetry were measured and compared between treated and untreated groups.
Keywords:
AntlersFluctuating asymmetryParasitesReindeer

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Main Results:

  • Parasite intensities were found to significantly affect the development of antler asymmetry in female reindeer.
  • Antler length was not significantly affected by parasite intensities.
  • Reduced parasite load correlated with reduced antler asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • Antler asymmetry in reindeer is a sensitive indicator of parasite burden.
  • This asymmetry may be important in intraspecific assessments of an individual's genetic resistance to infectious organisms.
  • Parasite-induced changes in ornamental traits like antlers can influence social dynamics and mate selection.