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Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
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Daphnid morphology deters fish predators.

Cynthia S Kolar1, David H Wahl2

  • 1Sam Parr Biological Station, Center for Aquatic Ecology, Illinois Natural History Survey, 6401 Meacham Road, Kinmundy, IL 62854, USA, , , , , , US.

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|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zooplankton spine and helmet defenses protect against predators. Juvenile bluegill fish avoid Daphnia lumholtzi due to its morphology, impacting their foraging behavior and diet selection.

Keywords:
Key wordsDaphnia lumholtziMorphologyPredationPredator avoidanceSelectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Zoology
  • Aquatic Biology

Background:

  • Zooplankton defenses like spines and helmets are believed to protect against invertebrate predators.
  • Daphnia lumholtzi exhibits extreme cyclomorphosis with pronounced helmet and tail spine structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predator-prey dynamics between juvenile bluegill and Daphnia lumholtzi.
  • To determine if Daphnia lumholtzi's defensive morphology affects predation selectivity by bluegill fish.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments presenting Daphnia lumholtzi and Daphnia pulex to juvenile bluegill.
  • Field observations of bluegill selectivity in a reservoir containing Daphnia lumholtzi.
  • Analysis of bluegill capture efficiency and handling times for different Daphnia species.

Main Results:

  • Bluegill consumed more Daphnia pulex than Daphnia lumholtzi when offered separately.
  • Bluegill selected against Daphnia lumholtzi when offered together, especially smaller fish (<50 mm).
  • Capture efficiency decreased and handling time increased for bluegill foraging on Daphnia lumholtzi, particularly for smaller individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The morphology of Daphnia lumholtzi interferes with predation by smaller planktivorous fish.
  • Larger bluegill (>50 mm) were more successful in foraging on Daphnia lumholtzi.
  • Daphnia lumholtzi's defensive morphology imposes foraging constraints on planktivorous fish, similar to piscivore-prey interactions where handling time is critical.