Spatial and temporal patterns in the activity of European moles

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Animal Behaviour
• Mammalogy

Background:

• Understanding animal movement patterns is crucial for ecological studies.
• Investigating factors influencing home range use, such as seasonality and social interactions, provides insights into species survival and resource utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the effects of season and neighbour avoidance on the activity and home range use of European moles (Talpa europaea).
• To determine whether European moles exhibit neighbour avoidance or attraction in their spatial and temporal movements.

Main Methods:

• Utilized ratio-tracking data from three distinct sites to monitor European mole movements.
• Analyzed home range size, overlap, and spatial orientation in relation to neighbouring individuals.
• Examined activity patterns, including daily rhythms and responses to drought conditions.

Main Results:

• Home ranges of non-breeding male and female moles did not significantly differ in size (average 2324 m²).
• Minimal home range overlap and proximity were observed, with no evidence of neighbour avoidance or attraction.
• Activity patterns showed seasonal variations and a shift from triphasic to tetraphasic under drought conditions, influenced by site-specific soil moisture and prey availability.

Conclusions:

• European mole activity and movement patterns are primarily dictated by the spatial and temporal distribution of food resources.
• Short-term social interactions with neighbours appear to have a limited influence on mole movements and home range use.
• Environmental factors, particularly soil moisture affecting prey availability, play a significant role in shaping mole behaviour.