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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
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Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions01:28

Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions

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Antimuscarinic drugs block muscarinic receptors in multiple systems, including the gut, eye, smooth muscles, respiratory tract, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. They produce similar effects with varying selectivity depending on the specific agent and tissue. Here are the key pharmacological actions of antimuscarinics:
Gastrointestinal Effects: Antimuscarinics reduce gut contractions, increase gastric emptying, and slow intestinal transit. They partly inhibit gastric acid secretion...
1.9K
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
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Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers01:22

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers

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α-Adrenergic antagonists, known as α-blockers, exert their effects by inhibiting α-adrenoceptors, leading to specific physiological actions. α1-blockers and α2-blockers have distinct pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications.
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
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Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

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Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System for Discovering Bioactive Compounds Against Polyglutamine-Mediated Neurotoxicity
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Allelopathic effects of Aristida adscensionis.

M Sridhara Murthy1, R Ravindra1

  • 1Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, (Gujarat), India.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Aristida adscensionis extracts inhibit nitrogen-fixing bacteria, reducing soil nitrogen. This allelopathic effect likely helps the grass outcompete other plants in nitrogen-poor environments.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Ecology
  • Soil Microbiology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Allelopathy, the chemical inhibition of one plant by another, plays a crucial role in plant community structure.
  • Aristida adscensionis is a common grass species often found dominating abandoned fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the allelopathic potential of Aristida adscensionis.
  • To determine the impact of Aristida adscensionis extracts on nitrogen-fixing bacteria and soil nitrogen levels.

Main Methods:

  • Bacterial culture experiments using extracts from Aristida adscensionis roots, shoots, and litter.
  • Soil sample treatment with these extracts to measure nitrogen level changes.

Main Results:

  • Root, shoot, and litter extracts significantly inhibited Azotobacter bacterial colony development.

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  • Root extract and litter leachate significantly reduced soil nitrogen levels.
  • Shoot extract showed a non-significant reduction in soil nitrogen.

    • Conclusions:

    • Aristida adscensionis exhibits allelopathic properties by inhibiting nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
    • This inhibition leads to depleted soil nitrogen, potentially a mechanism for competitive advantage.
    • The findings explain the dominance of Aristida adscensionis in nitrogen-limited abandoned fields.