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The ecological role of Fraxinus for species diversity in floodplain forests.

Oecologia·2025
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Choice of optimal oviposition sites by Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Anura: Ranidae) in an unpredictable and patchy environment.

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Adaptations of the reed frog Hyperolius viridiflavus (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) to its arid environment : I. The skin of Hyperolius viridiflavus nitidulus in wet and dry season conditions.

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Do ant mosaics exist in pristine lowland rain forests?

A Floren1, K E Linsenmair1

  • 1Zoological Institute III, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany e-mail: floren@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de Fax: +49-931-8884352, , , , , , DE.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The ant mosaic theory, which predicts exclusive territories for dominant ant species, does not apply to mature lowland rainforests. Arboreal ant communities in these forests are highly diverse and do not exhibit predictable patterns of species association.

Keywords:
Canopy foggingComplex community structureKey words Arboreal antsTropical lowland rain forest

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Tropical Biology
  • Arthropod Community Dynamics

Background:

  • The ant mosaic theory is a widely accepted concept for arboreal ant communities in tropical plantations.
  • It is often assumed that this theory also applies to undisturbed lowland rainforests.
  • However, empirical data from pristine rainforests to support this assumption have been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms structuring arboreal arthropod communities in a southeast-Asian lowland rainforest.
  • To test the predictions of the ant mosaic theory in a pristine rainforest environment.
  • To determine if dominant ant species maintain mutually exclusive territories and if associated nesting species exhibit predictable community similarity.

Main Methods:

  • Selective tree sampling using an improved canopy fogging technique on 19 understorey trees.
  • Repeated fogging of trees after 6 months and 3 years to assess community reorganization.
  • Sampling of nesting ants from adjacent trees using tuna baits to evaluate larger area patterns.

Main Results:

  • Ant communities exhibited high species composition heterogeneity.
  • No evidence of negative or positive species associations was found, contradicting the ant mosaic theory.
  • Computer simulations indicated that ant community composition differed only slightly from random.
  • Re-fogged communities maintained structural heterogeneity without converging to original compositions.
  • No distinct pioneer or climax species were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The ant mosaic theory is not applicable to the studied mature lowland rainforest.
  • Arboreal ant community organization in this ecosystem appears to result from complex dynamic processes.
  • The findings challenge long-held assumptions about rainforest ant community structure.