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Intraguild predators and the spatial distribution of a parasitoid.

B Raymond1, A C Darby1, A E Douglas1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, UK, , , , , , GB.

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Summary

Predatory ladybugs (coccinellids) reduce aphid parasitism by Lysiphlebus fabarum. This aphid parasitoid avoids plants with ladybugs, impacting natural pest control dynamics.

Keywords:
CoccinellidaeCompetitionForaging behaviourKey words AphidParasitoid

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Entomology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Aphids are significant agricultural pests.
  • Natural enemies, including parasitoids and predators, regulate aphid populations.
  • Interactions between different natural enemy guilds can influence biological control efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of coccinellids (ladybugs) on the parasitism rates of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, by the parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum.
  • To determine if aphid parasitoid behavior is influenced by the presence of coccinellids.

Main Methods:

  • Field experiments monitoring aphid populations, parasitism levels, and natural enemy abundance across various host plants.
  • Laboratory olfactometer experiments assessing Lysiphlebus fabarum's response to plant volatiles associated with aphids and/or coccinellids.

Main Results:

  • Parasitism of Aphis fabae by Lysiphlebus fabarum was significantly lower on plants with coccinellids.
  • Parasitism rates increased with aphid density on most host plants, except where high coccinellid numbers were present.
  • Lysiphlebus fabarum avoided odors from plants infested with coccinellids in laboratory trials.

Conclusions:

  • Coccinellid presence negatively impacts Lysiphlebus fabarum parasitism rates.
  • Avoidance behavior by the parasitoid in response to coccinellids contributes to the observed inverse relationship between predator and parasitoid abundance.
  • These findings highlight the complex intraguild interactions affecting biological control of aphids.